Alpha-Hydroxyisobutyric acid is a metabolite of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE). MTBE may be obtained through environmental exposure. MTBE is rapidly eliminated from the body mainly through expired air as the unchanged compound. MTBE is to some extent metabolised to t-butyl alcohol (TBA) and formaldehyde and oxidised to 2-methyl-12-propanediol and a-hydroxy isobuturic acid. Alpha-Hydroxyisobutyric acid has been used as an arial bactericide.

Anisindione is a synthetic anticoagulant and an indanedione derivative.?It prevents the formation of active procoagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X, as well as the anticoagulant proteins C and S, in the liver by inhibiting the vitamin K–mediated gamma-carboxylation of precursor proteins.

PALATINOSE is a natural occurring disaccharide composed of alpha-1,6-linked glucose and fructose, synergetic inhibitory effect on lung metastasis of LA795 xenograft tumor.